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Vikings in Ireland
An Irish Viking Empire In the middle of the tenth century, Olaf Cuaran Sictricson (a.k.a. Amlaíb Cuarán) was a Norse descendant who became king of Dublin. Olaf was part of the Uí Ímair dynasty of Ivar the Boneless, and like Ivar, he was ambitious.5 Olaf crossed into England and took the city of York.6,10 He procured and alliance with Scotland through marriage to King Constantin’s daughter.10 He also took possession of the Isle of Mann.11 Thus, Olaf Cuaran began to build an empire on both sides of the Irish Sea.
As Olaf gathered power, he began fighting (and winning) against the larger Irish kings. Olaf was a Norse king, but many Irish and Scots fought for him. But King Máel Sechnaill II (great-great-grandson of Turgesius’s killer) crushed his army at Tara in 980. Defeated, and heart-broken over the death of his eldest son, Olaf’s empire fell apart and he retired to a monastery.5,10 The End of the Viking Age in Ireland Olaf’s former victories in Ireland left the way open for Brian Boru to become High King.6,10
Brian was a great warrior and a skilled diplomat, but Máel Mórda mac Murchada, the king of Leinster, was not ready to accept that all of Ireland was to have a single, strong ruler. His rebellion was eagerly joined by Sihtric Silkbeard, Olaf’s younger son and heir. Seeking allies, Máel Mórda turned to the Vikings of Ireland, Orkney, Mann, and even Scotland.12 In 1014, after a series of tangled, tragic events worthy of a saga, Brian Boru and Máel Mórda fought a great battle by the sea at Clontarf (near Dublin).6,13 The battle is remembered as the event in which Brian Boru drove the Vikings from Ireland, but this is not quite accurate.
The Vikings fought on both sides, and only made up about half of Mórda’s army.12 It was a pyrrhic victory for Brian (for neither he nor his heir would live to see the next day), but Mórda and most of the Viking leaders were killed. It is recorded that 10,000 men died, which would be about five out of every six that fought.13 It was Máel Sechnaill II who profited the most, for he had backed out of most of the fighting but was basically the last Irish ruler standing, and soon became high king.6,13
The Battle of Clontarf in Ireland and the Battle of Stamford Bridge in England (52 years later) is where historians end the Viking Age. The Norse continued on in Ireland, though distinctions between the two ethnicities faded as their mutual interests continued to grow. Soon there was no point in worrying about who was Norse and who was Irish.
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